The growing use of connected devices, smart infrastructure, vehicle tracking, industrial automation and IoT applications has made Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication an important part of the telecom ecosystem. With the introduction of the Telecommunications (Authorisation for Provision of Miscellaneous Telecommunication Services) Rules, 2026, under the Telecommunications Act, 2023, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has established a specific regulatory framework f

A comparative briefing for Virtual Network Operators on the shift from the Unified License (VNO) Agreement (Indian Telegraph Act, 1885) to the Telecommunications (Authorisation for Provision of Principal Telecommunication Services) Rules, 2026, notified under the Telecommunications Act, 2023. Executive Summary The Telecommunications Act, 2023 replaces the licensing architecture built on the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 with a statutory "authorisation" regime. For VNOs, the pra

New DoT framework requires OTT communication platforms using Indian mobile numbers to align with stronger security practices similar to those followed in banking and digital payment systems.